NURSING OFFICER EXAM BULLETS - 3, Anatomy of respiratory system

 NURSING OFFICER EXAM BULLETS - 3
ANATOMY
ANATOMY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 

1. Upper respiratory system includes nose ,pharynx, adenoids, tonsils, epiglottis, larynx and trachea.

2 Mucosal lining of the nasal cavity is covered by ciliated epithelium.

3. Adenoids are the lymphoid organ in pharynx

4. Epiglottis is the leaf shaped organ

5. Larynx is also called voice box made up of 9 cartilages

6. Trachea is called wind pipe of the lung

7. Lower respiratory system includes bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar duct and alveoles

8. Bundle of alveoli termed as infundibulum

9. Thyroid cartilage is also called adam's apple which prominent in males

10. Right lung consist of three lobes and left lung have two lobes

11. Interior portion of the nose is shaped in to rolling projection called turbinates

12. The trachea has 10-14 cm length with 15-20 c shaped cartilages

13. Trachea bifurcates in to the right and left mainstem bronchi at the T5 level called carina

14. The area of the respiratory tract from the nose to the respiratory bronchioles serves only as a conducting pathway with no exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide known as anatomic dead space

15. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between blood and cells

16. External respiration is the exchange of gases between blood and lung

17. The diameter of the alveoli is 0.3mm

18. Lung collapse is called atelectasis

19. There are three major cell types in alveoli. Type 1 is made up of squamous alveolar cells, type 2 is great alveolar cells producing surfactant type 3 is macrophages for phagocytic action

20. The ribs and sternum protect the lungs and heart from thoracic injuries

21. 12 pairs of ribs present. 1-7 attach to sternum,8,9,10 are attach to costal cartilage called false ribs,11,12 are floating ribs ,allow full chest expansion

22. Quantity Pleural fluid 20-25ml

23. Accumulation of greater amount of fluid leads to pleural effusion

24. Purulent fluid with bacterial infection is called empyma.

25. Accessory muscle for respiration is sternocleodomastoid

26. Dome shaped diaphragm is the major muscle for respiration, is innervated by phrenic nerves( origin of phrenic nerve c3,c5 )